P\u00e1sov\u00fd opar, l\u00e9ka\u0159sky zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako herpes zoster, je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto zp\u016fsobuje zmatek a \u00fazkost, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee mnoho lid\u00ed nev\u00ed o jeho p\u016fvodu ani o tom, pro\u010d se projevuje i u zd\u00e1nliv\u011b zdrav\u00fdch jedinc\u016f. I kdy\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o relativn\u011b \u010dast\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na s p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u011bkem, je jeho pochopen\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9 pro rychlou l\u00e9\u010dbu a prevenci dlouhodob\u00fdch komplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u00e1sov\u00fd opar p\u0159\u00edmo souvis\u00ed s virem varicella zoster, stejn\u00fdm patogenem, kter\u00fd je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za plan\u00e9 ne\u0161tovice v d\u011btstv\u00ed. \u010cast\u00fdm omylem je, \u017ee virus po odezn\u011bn\u00ed infekce plan\u00fdmi ne\u0161tovicemi zmiz\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti virus z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v nervov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu sp\u00edc\u00ed po cel\u00e9 roky nebo dokonce desetilet\u00ed. Za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek se m\u016f\u017ee reaktivovat a spustit p\u00e1sov\u00fd opar. K t\u00e9to reaktivaci obvykle doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e je imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m oslaben, a\u0165 u\u017e v d\u016fsledku p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, chronick\u00e9ho stresu, dlouhodob\u00e9 nemoci, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby, kter\u00e1 potla\u010duje imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f, nebo obdob\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 a emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee. I kdy\u017e je p\u00e1sov\u00fd opar nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch nad 50 let, tyto faktory znamenaj\u00ed, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee postihnout i mlad\u0161\u00ed jedince.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1stup p\u00e1sov\u00e9ho oparu je z\u0159\u00eddka n\u00e1hl\u00fd; obvykle mu p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00ed varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ny za jin\u00e9, m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Mezi \u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky obvykle pat\u0159\u00ed lokalizovan\u00e1 bolest, pocit p\u00e1len\u00ed, brn\u011bn\u00ed nebo p\u0159ecitliv\u011blost v ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti k\u016f\u017ee. Proto\u017ee se tyto nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pocity mohou objevit i n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed p\u0159ed objeven\u00edm viditeln\u00e9 vyr\u00e1\u017eky, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u010dasn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1. S postupem viru se objevuje lokalizovan\u00e1 vyr\u00e1\u017eka, obvykle omezen\u00e1 na jednu stranu t\u011bla. K tomuto specifick\u00e9mu vzorci doch\u00e1z\u00ed, proto\u017ee se virus reaktivuje pod\u00e9l jednoho nervu, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee l\u00e9ze sleduj\u00ed definovanou biologickou cestu, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e aby se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily n\u00e1hodn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
I kdy\u017e je samotn\u00e1 vyr\u00e1\u017eka n\u00e1padn\u00e1, odborn\u00edci poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee doprovodn\u00e1 bolest je \u010dasto nejv\u00edce oslabuj\u00edc\u00edm a p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edznakem. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd z\u00e1sah je vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd, pokud je vyhled\u00e1n v\u010das; antivirov\u00e9 l\u00e9ky podan\u00e9 b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch 72 hodin od n\u00e1stupu p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b zkr\u00e1tit trv\u00e1n\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko komplikac\u00ed. Pokud je diagn\u00f3za stanovena opo\u017ed\u011bn\u011b, pacienti jsou vystaveni riziku postherpetick\u00e9 neuralgie, co\u017e je forma chronick\u00e9, intenzivn\u00ed bolesti, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat m\u011bs\u00edce nebo i roky po zahojen\u00ed vyr\u00e1\u017eky. Tato p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed bolest m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ovlivnit sp\u00e1nek, ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u010dinnosti a emo\u010dn\u00ed pohodu, a proto l\u00e9ka\u0159i pacienty nal\u00e9haj\u00ed, aby nepodce\u0148ovali \u010dasn\u00e9, nespecifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud jde o n\u00e1kazu, p\u0159enos p\u00e1sov\u00e9ho oparu je \u010dasto myln\u011b ch\u00e1p\u00e1n. Osoba s aktivn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem p\u00e1sov\u00e9ho oparu nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1sov\u00fd opar na ostatn\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak p\u0159en\u00e9st virus varicella zoster na n\u011bkoho, kdo nikdy nem\u011bl plan\u00e9 ne\u0161tovice ani nebyl o\u010dkov\u00e1n. U t\u011bchto jedinc\u016f virus zp\u016fsob\u00ed plan\u00e9 ne\u0161tovice, nikoli p\u00e1sov\u00fd opar. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu se doporu\u010duje, aby se osoby s aktivn\u00ed vyr\u00e1\u017ekou vyh\u00fdbaly p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu kontaktu s novorozenci, t\u011bhotn\u00fdmi \u017eenami a imunokompromitovan\u00fdmi osobami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V posledn\u00edch letech se o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed stalo prim\u00e1rn\u00ed strategi\u00ed prevence. Vakc\u00edny ur\u010den\u00e9 ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika p\u00e1sov\u00e9ho oparu a zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017enosti onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, pokud se objev\u00ed, se d\u016frazn\u011b doporu\u010duj\u00ed star\u0161\u00edm dosp\u011bl\u00fdm a osob\u00e1m se specifick\u00fdmi rizikov\u00fdmi faktory. P\u00e1sov\u00fd opar v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka toho, \u017ee zdrav\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u00edce ne\u017e jen na absenci viditeln\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed stresu a pozornost k jemn\u00fdm sign\u00e1l\u016fm t\u011bla jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00edmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi celkov\u00e9 pohody. Pochopen\u00edm p\u016fvodu tohoto viru a rychl\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm, kdy\u017e se objev\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky, se jednotlivci mohou vyhnout zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm a dlouhodob\u00e9mu utrpen\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"P\u00e1sov\u00fd opar, l\u00e9ka\u0159sky zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako herpes zoster, je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto zp\u016fsobuje zmatek a \u00fazkost, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee mnoho lid\u00ed nev\u00ed \n [...]<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7946,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7945"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7945\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7947,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7945\/revisions\/7947"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}