Smrt fascinuje stejn\u011b tak, jako znepokojuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin se v\u00edry pokou\u0161ely poskytnout odpov\u011bdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00fdzkum v t\u00e9to citliv\u00e9 oblasti dosahuje pokroku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u011bkolik ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch studi\u00ed zkoumalo, co se d\u011bje v t\u011ble a mozku<\/a> po smrti. N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky jsou p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u011bdci nemluv\u00ed o duchovn\u00edch tajemstv\u00edch. Pozoruj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 reakce. D\u00edky l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9mu pokroku<\/a> l\u00e9pe ch\u00e1pou posledn\u00ed okam\u017eiky \u017eivota. Tento v\u00fdzkum vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na dobu dlouho zahalenou tajemstv\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V okam\u017eiku smrti se t\u011blo n\u00e1hle nezastav\u00ed. Proces prob\u00edh\u00e1 v n\u011bkolika f\u00e1z\u00edch. Nejprve se zpomal\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed tep. Pot\u00e9 se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed krevn\u00ed ob\u011bh<\/a> . Kysl\u00edk se ji\u017e k org\u00e1n\u016fm nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mozek na toto odebr\u00e1n\u00ed reaguje okam\u017eit\u011b. Neurony se po dobu n\u011bkolika sekund intenzivn\u011b aktivuj\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 studie prok\u00e1zaly prudk\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed mozkov\u00fdch vln<\/a> bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po z\u00e1stav\u011b srdce. Tyto sign\u00e1ly se podobaj\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016fm pozorovan\u00fdm b\u011bhem sp\u00e1nku nebo hlubok\u00e9 koncentrace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tento jev m\u016f\u017ee vysv\u011btlovat n\u011bkter\u00e9<\/a> z\u00e1\u017eitky bl\u00edzk\u00e9 smrti: pocity sv\u011btla, pocity klidu a n\u00e1hl\u00e9 vybavov\u00e1n\u00ed si vzpom\u00ednek. V\u011bdci jsou opatrn\u00ed a nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159irozenou reakci mozku na extr\u00e9mn\u00ed stres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mozkov\u00e1 aktivita pak prudce kles\u00e1. Bez kysl\u00edku se bu\u0148ky za\u010dnou vyp\u00ednat. Tento proces trv\u00e1 jen n\u011bkolik minut. Pot\u00e9 se \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 funkce trvale zastav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v t\u011ble doch\u00e1z\u00ed k dal\u0161\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m. Teplota postupn\u011b kles\u00e1. Svaly se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed a pot\u00e9 ztuhnou. Tento jev se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 rigor mortis. Nast\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkolik hodin po smrti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tyto reakce se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdm vzorem. Forenzn\u00ed patologov\u00e9 dokonce tyto indicie pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k odhadu \u010dasu smrti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 objevy odhalily p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd fakt. N\u011bkter\u00e9 bu\u0148ky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed hodiny, dokonce i dny. Studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 geny funguj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bpo smrti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tento jev prim\u00e1rn\u011b postihuje bu\u0148ky imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a jejich stresovou reakci. Reaguj\u00ed, jako by se sna\u017eily opravit po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Tato aktivita postupn\u011b kles\u00e1, a\u017e \u00fapln\u011b ustane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tato pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed otev\u00edraj\u00ed nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00e9 by mohly zlep\u0161it transplantaci org\u00e1n\u016f. Lep\u0161\u00edm pochopen\u00edm p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed mohou l\u00e9ka\u0159i optimalizovat na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed intervenc\u00ed. V d\u016fsledku toho by z transplantace mohlo m\u00edt prosp\u011bch v\u00edce pacient\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Z l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho hlediska tyto studie tak\u00e9 nov\u011b definuj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fd okam\u017eik smrti. Odborn\u00edci nyn\u00ed rozli\u0161uj\u00ed klinickou smrt, spojenou se z\u00e1stavou srdce, od biologick\u00e9 smrti, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u00fapln\u00e9 destrukci bun\u011bk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v pohotovostn\u00edch zdravotnick\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch a intenzivn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di. Umo\u017e\u0148uje individu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 protokoly a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech zvy\u0161uje \u0161ance na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tyto studie tak\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 uklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry. Data nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee mozek v posledn\u00edch minut\u00e1ch uvol\u0148uje chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed dobr\u00fd pocit. Endorfiny, serotonin nebo dopamin mohou zm\u00edrnit bolest a \u00fazkost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jin\u00fdmi slovy, t\u011blo aktivuje p\u0159irozen\u00fd mechanismus ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed utrpen\u00ed. Tato hypot\u00e9za je v souladu s v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010fmi pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed za\u017eili z\u00e1\u017eitky bl\u00edzk\u00e9 smrti. Mnoz\u00ed popisuj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e pocit klidu ne\u017e intenzivn\u00ed utrpen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Na jednotk\u00e1ch paliativn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de tyto znalosti pom\u00e1haj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdm t\u00fdm\u016fm a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed jim poskytovat pacient\u016fm p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a lid\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00fdzkum nav\u00edc pokra\u010duje. V\u011bdci d\u00e1le analyzuj\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, chemick\u00e9 reakce a bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 transformace. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pokrok prohlubuje na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto delik\u00e1tn\u00edho procesu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u011bda neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 na filozofick\u00e9 ani duchovn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky. Popisuje pouze biologick\u00e9 mechanismy. Tyto informace v\u0161ak m\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 pohled na konec \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dnes je jedna v\u011bc jasn\u00e1: smrt nen\u00ed jedin\u00fd okam\u017eik. Je to postupn\u00fd, slo\u017eit\u00fd a organizovan\u00fd proces. T\u011blo se postupn\u011b vyp\u00edn\u00e1. Mozek reaguje naposledy. Pak se zase ustav\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 aktivita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tyto objevy p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli modern\u00ed medic\u00edny. D\u00edky v\u00fdzkumu jsou specialist\u00e9 schopni l\u00e9pe podporovat pacienty. A znalosti postupn\u011b nahrazuj\u00ed strach.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Smrt fascinuje stejn\u011b tak, jako znepokojuje. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin se v\u00edry pokou\u0161ely poskytnout odpov\u011bdi. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00fdzkum v t\u00e9to citliv\u00e9 oblasti dosahuje \n [...]<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4426","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4426"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4426\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4428,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4426\/revisions\/4428"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Co t\u011blo a mozek pro\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v posledn\u00edch chv\u00edl\u00edch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 aktivita, kter\u00e1 pokra\u010duje i po smrti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Lep\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed strachu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n