{"id":10120,"date":"2026-05-20T16:16:03","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T16:16:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/?p=10120"},"modified":"2026-05-20T16:16:03","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T16:16:03","slug":"gastrointestinalni-infarkt-jak-rozpoznat-priznaky-tohoto-typu-strevniho-infarktu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/?p=10120","title":{"rendered":"Gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed infarkt: jak rozpoznat p\u0159\u00edznaky tohoto typu st\u0159evn\u00edho infarktu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed infarkt, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako mezenterick\u00fd infarkt nebo akutn\u00ed mezenterick\u00e1 ischemie, je  \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed stav<\/strong>  .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k n\u011bmu, kdy\u017e n\u00e1hl\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016ftoku krve p\u0159iprav\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st st\u0159eva o kysl\u00edk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dlouhodob\u011b zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1na s jin\u00fdmi b\u0159i\u0161n\u00edmi patologiemi b\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eena, p\u0159esto\u017ee  v\u010dasn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vliv na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed pacienta<\/strong>  .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve Francii postihuje toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b  10 000 lid\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b<\/strong>  , v\u011bt\u0161inou pacient\u016f ve v\u011bku 65\u201370 let, uv\u00e1d\u00ed Francouzsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost pro c\u00e9vn\u00ed medic\u00ednu. Postihuje prim\u00e1rn\u011b lidi s  kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edmi rizikov\u00fdmi faktory<\/strong>  , jako je fibrilace s\u00edn\u00ed, ateroskler\u00f3za, cukrovka nebo hypertenze. A\u010dkoli je m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e1 ne\u017e infarkt myokardu nebo mrtvice, akutn\u00ed mezenterick\u00e1 ischemie z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1  nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed c\u00e9vn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edhodou<\/strong>  . U star\u0161\u00edch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch je dokonce  nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm b\u0159i\u0161n\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm<\/strong>  , p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva nebo pankreatitidu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed ischemie: O \u010dem vlastn\u011b mluv\u00edme?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mezenterick\u00fd infarkt je nej\u010dast\u011bji d\u016fsledkem  obstrukce gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed tepny<\/strong>  krevn\u00ed sra\u017eeninou (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v 80 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f) a m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto posti\u017een\u00ed \u017eiln\u00ed st\u011bny (20 %). Toto p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016ftoku krve zp\u016fsobuje ischemii, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee rychle v\u00e9st k  nekr\u00f3ze st\u0159eva<\/strong>  nebo odum\u0159en\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b. Bez rychl\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1sledky dramatick\u00e9: smrt nebo z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky, v\u010detn\u011b nutnosti odstran\u011bn\u00ed velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti st\u0159eva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159etiny pacient\u016f je gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed infarkt  prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edznakem d\u0159\u00edve nediagnostikovan\u00e9ho c\u00e9vn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>  : hypertenze, vysok\u00e9ho cholesterolu, cukrovky nebo poruch srde\u010dn\u00edho rytmu. Jak poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 profesor Olivier Corcos, gastroenterolog z nemocnice Beaujon:  \u201eGastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed infarkt je m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00fd ne\u017e mrtvice nebo infarkt myokardu, ale je nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech c\u00e9vn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod<\/em>  .\u201c Z\u00e1va\u017enost onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je umocn\u011bna skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee diagn\u00f3za je st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto odkl\u00e1d\u00e1na.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny st\u0159evn\u00edho infarktu?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mechanismy jsou podobn\u00e9 mechanism\u016fm infarktu nebo mrtvice. Mezenterick\u00e1 ischemie m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobena  aterosklerotick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm<\/strong>  , kdy aterosklerotick\u00e9 plaky postupn\u011b blokuj\u00ed tepny gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edho traktu. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 d\u016fsledkem  srde\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din<\/strong>  , zejm\u00e9na arytmi\u00ed, komplikac\u00ed infarktu myokardu nebo srde\u010dn\u00ed choroby, kter\u00e9 mohou usnadnit migraci sra\u017eeniny do st\u0159eva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jsem ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9m riziku?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Riziko gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edho infarktu se zvy\u0161uje se stejn\u00fdmi rizikov\u00fdmi faktory spojen\u00fdmi se z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm:  kou\u0159en\u00ed, vysok\u00fd cholesterol, cukrovka, hypertenze, obezita<\/strong>  nebo anamn\u00e9za srde\u010dn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako je infarkt myokardu nebo arytmie. Tyto faktory by m\u011bly vzbudit obavy, zejm\u00e9na u star\u0161\u00edch pacient\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kter\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly by se nikdy nem\u011bly ignorovat?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed ischemie se m\u016f\u017ee vyskytovat ve  dvou r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1ch<\/strong>  .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akutn\u00ed forma, odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed infarktu myokardu, se projevuje  n\u00e1hlou, intenzivn\u00ed a nesnesitelnou bolest\u00ed b\u0159icha<\/strong>  , \u010dasto rezistentn\u00ed na konven\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9ky proti bolesti a vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed morfin. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt doprov\u00e1zena zvracen\u00edm, pr\u016fjmem nebo celkovou mal\u00e1tnost\u00ed. Navzdory z\u00e1va\u017enosti p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f je diagn\u00f3za na pohotovostech st\u00e1le nedostate\u010dn\u011b hl\u00e1\u0161ena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuje tak\u00e9  chronick\u00e1 forma<\/strong>  , kter\u00e1 se n\u011bkdy vyskytuje t\u00fddny nebo m\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159ed akutn\u00ed epizodou. Projevuje se bolest\u00ed po j\u00eddle, kter\u00e1 vede ke strachu z j\u00eddla a  postupn\u00e9mu \u00fabytku hmotnosti<\/strong>  . Tato varovn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eena, i kdy\u017e v\u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1sah by mohl zabr\u00e1nit rozvoji st\u0159evn\u00ed nekr\u00f3zy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak stanovit diagn\u00f3zu?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dem k dobr\u00e9 progn\u00f3ze je v\u010dasn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za. \u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve je diagn\u00f3za stanovena, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se vyhneme resekci st\u0159eva, kter\u00e1 je nutn\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v  40 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f<\/strong>  . Zlat\u00fdm standardem pro diagnostiku je  po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 tomografie b\u0159icha s vizualizac\u00ed gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00e9v (CT angiografie)<\/strong>  .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Av\u0161ak ani po tomto testu nen\u00ed infarkt gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edho traktu v\u017edy rozpozn\u00e1n. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 t\u00fdmy jej mus\u00ed  jasn\u011b diagnostikovat<\/strong>  . Rizikov\u00ed pacienti mohou hr\u00e1t kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli t\u00edm, \u017ee sd\u011bl\u00ed svou anamn\u00e9zu a zeptaj\u00ed se:  \u201eMohlo by se jednat o infarkt gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edho traktu?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de: kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd probl\u00e9m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pokud je st\u0159evn\u00ed ischemie diagnostikov\u00e1na v nekrotick\u00e9m st\u00e1diu, \u00famrtnost st\u00e1le dosahuje  70 %<\/strong>  . Dlouhodob\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky mohou b\u00fdt z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9, pokud je nutn\u00e9 odstranit velkou \u010d\u00e1st st\u0159eva. V nemocnici Beaujon radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnilo situaci vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jednotky st\u0159evn\u00ed vaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed urgentn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de (SURVI) a zvr\u00e1tilo p\u0159edchoz\u00ed ukazatele:  m\u00edra p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed se pohybuje mezi 70 a 80 %<\/strong>  a m\u00edra resekc\u00ed je omezena na 40 %.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento syst\u00e9m se op\u00edr\u00e1 o nep\u0159etr\u017eitou multidisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/strong>  p\u00e9\u010di, do kter\u00e9 jsou zapojeni c\u00e9vn\u00ed a gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed chirurgov\u00e9, gastroenterologov\u00e9, interven\u010dn\u00ed radiologov\u00e9, anesteziologov\u00e9 a intenzivist\u00e9. L\u00e9ka\u0159 je k dispozici 24 hodin denn\u011b, 7 dn\u00ed v t\u00fddnu a nemocnice v regionu \u00cele-de-France mohou rychle p\u0159edat CT sn\u00edmky k anal\u00fdze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V z\u00e1vislosti na p\u0159\u00edpadu  se rychl\u00e1 revaskularizace<\/strong>  prov\u00e1d\u00ed chirurgicky nebo endovaskul\u00e1rn\u011b, n\u011bkdy bez nutnosti resekce st\u0159eva. Tato strategie v\u00fdznamn\u011b sni\u017euje dlouhodob\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se buduje celost\u00e1tn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 zajistit dostupnost t\u00e9to specializovan\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de ve v\u0161ech univerzitn\u00edch nemocnic\u00edch ve Francii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference<\/strong>
\u2013 Francouzsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost pro tr\u00e1vic\u00ed choroby a n\u00e1dory (SNFGE)
\u2013  Akutn\u00ed mezenterick\u00e1 an\u00e9mie<\/em>  , MSD Manu\u00e1ly, 12. srpna 2022<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed infarkt, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako mezenterick\u00fd infarkt nebo akutn\u00ed mezenterick\u00e1 ischemie, je  \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed stav  . Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k n\u011bmu, kdy\u017e n\u00e1hl\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016ftoku krve p\u0159iprav\u00ed \n [...]<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10121,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10120","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10120"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10120\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10122,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10120\/revisions\/10122"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10120"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fakt24.biz.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}